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Sofia is one of the oldest cities in Europe; the history of Sofia can be traced back some 7000 years. There were the prehistoric settlements that were excavated in the centre of the present city, & that too near the royal palace. It was also traced in the outer districts such as Slatina and Obelia. The well preserved town walls from the 7th century BC, at that time the Thracians established their city next to the most important and highly respected mineral spring. This mineral spring is still functioning today. Sofia has had several names in the different periods of its existence, and remnants can still be seen today along with the modern landmarks.

Sofia's progress was a major settlement in the central position in the Balkans. It is situated in western Bulgaria. The Sofia Valley is surrounded by mountains on all sides. The valley is the largest one in the country with territory of 1,186 square kilometers. It has the average altitude of 550 metres & three mountain passes. These passes lead to the city, which are the key roads. There are the number of low rivers that cross the city, these include the Vladaiska and the Perlovska. The Iskar River flows near the eastern Sofia. There is also the number of mineral and thermal springs. In Sofia, Artificial and dam lakes were built in the last century.

The First Bulgarian Empire which was under the reign of Khan Krum in 809 had the sofa as its first part.  Then it was known by the Bulgarian name Sredets. It grew into an important fortress. It was also a good administrative centre. It was also under the Byzantine Empire for some period of time. And then after a long interval of time it was back restored by the Bulgarian Empire.